Broadcast date: MONDAY, 30 October 2000
Then I Am Ready To Go
by Emily DickinsonTie the Strings to my Life, My Lord,
Then, I am ready to go!
Just a look at the Horses—
Rapid! That will do!Put me in on the firmest side—
So I shall never fall—
For we must ride to the Judgment—
And it’s partly, down Hill—But never I mind the steepest—
And never I mind the Sea—
Held fast in Everlasting Race—
By my own Choice, and Thee—Goodbye to the Life I used to live—
And the World I used to know—
And kiss the Hills, for me, just once—
Then—I am ready to go!
It is the birthday of the poet and dramatist, Miguel Hernandez, in Oriheula, in the province of Alicante, in Spain (1910). When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936, he joined in defense of the Loyalist side. He was arrested and imprisoned three time, living under Franco's wretched penal conditions, until he died of untreated tuberculosis at 31.
It is the birthday of poet and critic, Ezra Loomis Pound, born in Hailey, Idaho (1885). He was admitted to the University of Pennsylvania in the fall of 1901 at only 15. When he was 23, with very little money, Pound shipped out to Europe as a deck hand on a cattle boat, and only returned to the United States three times during his lifetime. In London he met Henry James, Thomas Hardy, Joseph Conrad, H.G. Wells, and William Butler Yeats.
He encouraged poets to write modern verse, encouraged editors to publish it, and encouraged readers to read it. He helped James Joyce get Ulysses printed serially in "The Little Review," for which Joyce said, "We all owe a great deal to him. But I, most of all, surely." Pound published his own poetry, as well, shaping the Imagist movement, with its direct and sparse language, and precise images. He used the phrase "make it new!"
Today is the birthday of American author Irma Rombauer, born in St. Louis, Missouri (1877), who staked her own money to publish the first edition of "The Joy of Cooking" (1931), because the depression was causing more people to cook and eat at home. She said, "Nothing stimulates the cook's imagination like an egg."
Today is the birthday of author Gertrude Franklin Atherton, born in San Francisco (1857), who introduced the world to the biographical novel with her book The Conqueror, a novelized life of Alexander Hamilton.
Today is the birthday of dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan, born in Dublin (1751). When he was a small child his parents moved to London. He was enormously successful as a playwright, producing The Rivals (1775), The School for Scandal (1777), and The Critic (1779). He was also a member of Parliament for more than 30 years. Perhaps his most memorable character is Mrs. Malaprop, from School for Scandal, known for her hilarious mangling of the English language:
"Sure, if I reprehend anything in this world it is the use of my oracular tongue, and a nice derangement of epitaphs."
It's the birthday of John Adams, born in Braintree, Massachusetts (1735). He was a delegate to the first Continental Congress, and was the "ablest advocate and defender" of the Declaration of Independence. His was one of the original signatures on that document. He won the vice presidential race in 1789 under George Washington.
Broadcast date: TUESDAY, 31 October 2000
Unharvested
by Robert Frost from The Poetry of Robert Frost (Henry Holt)A scent of ripeness from over a wall.
And come to leave the routine road
And look for what had made me stall,
There sure enough was an apple tree
That had eased itself of its summer load,
And of all but its trivial foliage free,
Now breathed as light as a lady’s fan.
For there had been an apple fall
As complete as the apple had given man.
The ground was one circle of solid red.
May something go always unharvested!
May much stay out of our stated plan,
Apples or something forgotten and left,
So smelling their sweetness would be no theft.
Today is Halloween. In ancient Britain and Ireland, the Celtic festival of Samhain was celebrated on this day, and was considered to be their New Year's Eve. People celebrated by building huge bonfires on hill tops, and dressed up as witches and ghosts to frighten away evil spirits. The potato, as well as the turnip and rutabaga, was one of the original jack-o'-lanterns, hollowed out, and grotesquely carved with a scary face, lit from within by a candle. Once in America, the pumpkin was discovered, and it was a much better fruit for carving spooky faces.
Today is the birthday of broadcast journalist Dan (Irvin) Rather, born in Wharton, Texas (1931), the son of an oil pipeliner and a waitress. While working on his journalism degree, he got a reporting job with a 250-watt radio station in Huntsville, Texas, where, for 40 cents an hour, he put together newscasts, did play-by-play for local high school and college football games, answered the phone, and even mowed the lawn.
It is the birthday of historian William Hardy McNeill in Vancouver, British Columbia (1917), most noted for his book, The Rise of the West.
It is the birthday of blues singer and actress Ethel Waters, born in Chester, Pennsylvania (1896).
It is the birthday of English Romantic lyric poet John Keats in London, England (1795). He was born in the Swan and Hoop Stables, his father's livery stable in London. He went to medical school and apprenticed as a surgeon when he was only 16, and later worked as a dresser—a junior house surgeon—at Guy's and St. Thomas hospitals. He met many famous romantic poets, including Percy Bysshe Shelley and William Wordsworth, and decided to devote his life to writing, publishing his first sonnets in The Examiner when he was 21. He is best known for his Odes, including "Ode on a Grecian Urn," "Ode to a Nightingale," "Ode on Melancholy" and "Ode to Autumn," all of which he composed while suffering from tuberculosis, the sickness that had killed his mother and brother Tom. On February 3, 1820, he returned home from London on the outside of a coach, and became feverish and very ill, coughing up blood as he got into bed. His experience in the medical world forewarned him, and he said, "that drop of blood is my death warrant; I must die." He rallied long enough to see his third volume of poetry published, and sail for Italy; but he died in Rome a year later, after having written his own epitaph: "Here lies one whose name was writ on water."
On this day in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses (which is to say, 95 propositions) to the door of Wittenberg's Palace Church, denouncing the sale of indulgences and denying the Pope the right to forgive sins. Four years after posting his 95 theses, Luther was told to relent, refused, and was excommunicated (1521). The Reformation was underway.
Broadcast date: WEDNESDAY, 1 November 2000
Eagles
by Raymond Carver from Where Water Comes Together With Other Water (Vintage Books/Random House)It was a sixteen inch ling cod that the eagle
dropped near our feet
at the top of Bagley Creek canyon,
at the edge of the green woods.
Puncture marks in the sides of the fish
where the bird gripped with its talons!
That, and a piece torn out of the fish’s back.
Like an old painting recalled,
or an ancient memory coming back,
that eagle flew with the fish from the Strait
of Juan de Fuca up the canyon to where
the woods begin, and we stood watching.
It lost the fish above our heads,
dropped for it, missed it, and soared on
over the valley where wind beats all day.
We watched it keep going until it was
a speck, then gone. I picked up
the fish. That miraculous ling cod.
Came home from the walk and—
why the hell not? —cooked it
lightly in oil and ate it
with boiled potatoes and peas and biscuits.
Over dinner, talking about eagles
and an older, fiercer order of things.
Today is All Saints Day in the western Christian church, commemorating all the saints of the church, both known and unknown. Pope Gregory the Third dedicated a chapel in St. Peter's in Rome on November first of the year 731. In the year 800, November first appeared as All Saints Day on the English calendar, and it was officially set by Pope Gregory the Fourth in 835. In medieval England, the festival honoring this day was known as All Hallows Day, and the day before is still known as Halloween.
Today is the birthday of American playwright and novelist A(lbert) R(amsdell) Gurney, Jr., born in Buffalo, New York (1930). He attended Yale drama school, earned his masters degree in fine arts (1958) and taught humanities and literature at M.I.T. for more than 20 years. When he decided to stop teaching, he said he was "liberated from the oppressive obligations of academic life," and he would now "write plays at an accelerated pace." His subject matter is the upper middle-class, white, Protestant, American family, which he describes so lovingly and carefully that he has been called "the poet laureate of middle-consciousness." His other plays include The Middle Ages (1977), The Dining Room (1982), Love Letters (1989) and Sylvia (1995).
Today is the birthday of Norwegian poet, novelist, and seaman Johan Nordah Brun Grieg, born in Bergen, Norway (1902), a socially-committed writer whose resistance to the Germans during the occupation of Norway made him a hero. He spent time at sea and wrote an accurate and vivid portrayal of sailing life in The Ship Sails On. He loved Norway passionately, and wrote Norway in our Hearts in 1929. He was fascinated with writers like Keats, Shelley and Byron, who had died young, and wrote about them in The Young Dead Ones (1932). When Norway was occupied by German troops, he escaped to Britain, and his war poems and radio talks became the leading voice of free Norway. He was killed in an Allied bombing raid over Berlin in 1943.
It is the birthday of American novelist, poet, and journalist Stephen Crane, born in Newark, New Jersey (1871). He didn't stay in college long, leaving for New York City to become a freelance writer. He led a bohemian life there, and explored the slums of the Bowery, which inspired his first novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893), about an abused girl from the slums who became a prostitute. When he was 22, he wrote his most famous novel, The Red Badge of Courage, about the bloodshed and battlefields experienced by a new Civil War recruit—all written accurately by an author who had never seen war. The book earned him less than $100. He became a war correspondent for the Hearst newspapers. He died at 28 of tuberculosis.
It is the birthday of American architect James Renwick, Jr., born in New York City (1818). His wonderful grasp of the true Gothic style led to many commissions for churches, including St. Patrick's Cathedral. He planned the main building of the Smithsonian Institution, the Renwick Gallery in Washington, D.C., and the original structure for Vassar College in Poughkeepsie.
Broadcast date: THURSDAY, 2 November 2000
Repression
by C.K. Williams, from Flesh and Blood (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux)More and more lately, as, not even minding the slippages yet, the aches and sad softenings,
I settle into my other years, I notice how many of what I once thought were evidences of repression,
sexual or otherwise, now seem, in other people anyway, to be varieties of dignity, withholding, tact,
and sometimes even in myself, certain patiences I would have once called lassitude indifference,
now seem possibly to be if not the rewards then at least the unsuspected, undreamed-of conclusions
to many of the even-then-preposterous self-evolved disciplines, rigors, almost mortifications
I inflicted on myself in my starting-out days, improvement days, days when the idea alone of psychic peace,
of intellectual, of emotional quiet, the merest hint, would have meant inconceivable capitulation.
On this day in 1960, a British jury acquitted Penguin books of obscenity charges for the publication of D.H. Lawrence's controversial novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover.
On this day in 1950, George Bernard Shaw died at his home in Hertfordshire, England, from complications following a fall. His last words were, "You're trying to keep me alive as an old curiosity, but I'm done, I'm finished, I'm going to die." Theaters were darkened in his honor.
On this day in 1948, Democratic President Harry S Truman confounded the experts and defied the polls, and handily won his campaign for election against Thomas Dewey.
On this day in 1920, KDKA in Pittsburgh became the first regular broadcasting radio station in the world, reporting the election returns of the Harding-Cox presidential race.
It is the birthday of actor Burt(on) Stephen Lancaster, born in New York City (1913), who grew up in a tough neighborhood and went to New York University on athletic scholarship, playing basketball, baseball, boxing, track and gymnastics. He dropped out after two years, and formed an acrobatic team with a friend, performing in circuses, including the Ringling and Barnum and Bailey troupes. He was drafted in 1942, and was sent to North Africa and Europe. He was recruited into acting while still in the service, and achieved major Hollywood stardom with his first role in The Killers (1946). He played many tough guy roles, performing his own stunts, but soon sought out more complex roles, saying, "I want to do things that will help me as an actor, against the time when I have to give up all this jumping around." He starred in more than 70 movies spanning 45 years, including From Here to Eternity (1953), Bird Man of Alcatraz (1962), Atlantic City (1981) and Field of Dreams (1989).
Today is the birthday of the 29th President of the United States, Warren G(amaliel) Harding in Blooming Grove, Ohio (1865), elected on a Republican platform promising a "return to normalcy" after World War I. He was also the first President to speak on the radio. His term ended abruptly while he was on a cross-country goodwill tour and he quite suddenly became ill and died. His wife refused to permit an autopsy. His life ended before the corruption of the Teapot Dome Scandal could disgrace the office. He is quoted as saying, "I am not fit for this office and never should have been here."
Today is the birthday of English mathematician George Boole in Lincolnshire, England (1815). A self-taught scholar with a knack for mathematics, he opened a school when he was only 20 years old, and produced original mathematics proposals after studying the subject for only 5 years. His "The Mathematical Analysis of Logic" (1847) originated the subject of modern symbolic logic. His work produced Boolean algebra, important today in such diverse areas as probability, combination theory and computer design.
Today is the birthday of early American frontiersman and explorer Daniel Boone, born in Berks County, Pennsylvania (1734), who helped forge a trail through a notch in the Appalachian Mountains called the Cumberland Gap. He learned to hunt and trap when he was young, and learned to read and write without any formal education.
Broadcast date: FRIDAY, 3 November 2000
Laozi in Indiana
by William Slaughter from The Politics of My Heart (Pleasure Boat Studio)Whatever it is
presents itself
to you,
accept it.
Beneficence
is at work
in the universe.
Live with it
awhile.
It has much
to teach you.
Patience
is its first
and second virtue.
Do not
spend yourself
carelessly.
It requires
nothing of you.
Be glad.
Patience
is its third
and last virtue.
On this day in 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first inhabited space capsule, Sputnik II, carrying a dog named Laika. The story of Laika caught the imagination of a young Swedish boy, Reidar Jonsson, who was only thirteen at the time, would grow up to write the novel, My Life as a Dog (1983).
It's the birthday of American novelist Martin Cruz Smith, born in Reading, Pennsylvania (1942). He wrote dozens of paperback novels—pulp thrillers—under the pseudonyms Martin Smith, Simon Quinn, Jake Logan and Nick Carter. The first to bring him success was Nightwing (1977), a supernatural thriller about an Indian vampire bat legend. His most famous book is Gorky Park. When he was refused a visa for a return visit to the Soviet Union, he grilled Russian émigré acquaintances about all aspects of Soviet life, including the quality of shoes, the taste of coffee, and whether a ranking police officer would have to be a member of the Communist Party.
"Paperbacks are the place to learn the craft ... I learned to write constantly, to simplify the narrative, to throw out the adjectives."
It is the birthday of American journalist James B(arrett) Reston, born in Clydebank, Dunbartonshire, Scotland (1909), one of the most influential journalists of his generation. His great strength as a writer was his ability to explain complex political issues in plain language. He worked for the New York Times for fifty years. His first day on the job at their London bureau was the day Hitler's armies marched into Poland—the beginning of World War II. He worked the Washington beat, was an executive editor, then director and columnist. He recruited and trained many of the Times' best-known journalists over the years, and once said, "All politics are based on the indifference of the majority."
It is the birthday of American photographer Walker Evans, born in St. Louis, Missouri (1903) . He thought he might like to write, and dropped out of college after his freshman year to work at the New York Public Library. In his early twenties, he spent a year in Paris, where he became fascinated with painting.
"The school of Paris painting was so incandescent then, a revolutionary eye-education. In recollection, I was really in Paris to absorb intellectual stimulus. The best training in the world."When he returned to the United States, he discovered photography, but his style was quite different from the commercial and arty photographs of that time. His photographs were primarily black and white, stark and unblinking, and captured the faces of the poor, the angles of architecture, and served as realistic records of American history. His first published work was a collection of photographs used to illustrate Hart Crane's book, The Bridge. He was a roving social historian during the 1930s, documenting the face of rural poverty during the Depression with his book, American Photographs (1938). He and James Agee were commissioned to do a piece on the life of sharecroppers, but Fortune magazine decided not to run it, so they published the work as the book, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (1941).
It is the birthday of French novelist, art historian, and hero of the French resistance, André Georges Malraux, born in Paris (1901). He went to the jungles of Cambodia to find Khmer artifacts, and was arrested and detained there. He was involved in revolutionary struggles in China; he helped organize and fly in the Loyalist air force during the Spanish Civil War; he discovered the legendary city of the Queen of Sheba; he fought with distinction in the French underground in World War II, was wounded, imprisoned, and then escaped; and he sat in the inner councils with French President Charles de Gaulle. He wrote what many call the greatest novel of revolution, Man's Fate (1933), about the belief of Chinese revolutionist that self-sacrifice would produce a happier society. He also wrote Man's Hope (1937), about the Spanish Civil War."
It is the birthday of German publisher Karl Baedeker, born in Essen, Germany (1801), the son of a printer and bookseller. When he was 26, he started a publishing firm in Koblenz, and brought out an early guide book to the Rhine region. His book was designed to alleviate the need for paid guides by giving travelers all of the practical information they would need when visiting a new place. He did the traveling himself to make sure that all of the information was completely accurate, and used a system of stars to indicate spots of special interest and reliable hotels. His publishing house became famous for this type of travel guide, and eventually covered nearly all of Europe. The name BAEDEKER became synonymous with "guide book."
It is the birthday of poet and journalist William Cullen Bryant, born in Cummington, Massachusetts (1794), best known for his poem "Thanatopsis," that he wrote when he was 17. After a brief time as an attorney—a career he did not enjoy—he published a book of poems and then turned to journalism. He was the editor of the New York Evening Post for fifty years, and made it one of the country's most noteworthy liberal newspapers, taking positions in support of Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, defending the right of workers to strike, speaking out against slavery and proposing a central park for his city.
Broadcast date: SATURDAY, 4 November 2000
The Critic
by C. K. Williams, from Flesh and Blood (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux)In the Boston Public Library on Boylston Street, where all the bums come in stinking from the cold,
there was one who had a battered loose-leaf book he used to scribble in for hours on end.
He wrote with no apparent hesitation, quickly, and with concentration; his inspiration was inspiring;
you had to look again to realize that he was writing over words that were already there——
blocks of cursive etched into the softened paper, interspersed with poems in print he'd pasted in.
I hated to think of the volumes he'd violated to construct his opus, but I liked him anyway,
especially the way he'd often reach the end, close his work with weary satisfaction, then open again
and start again: page one, chapter one, his blood-rimmed eyes as rapt as David's doing psalms.
In Oklahoma, today is Will Rogers Day, a legal holiday to honor one of Oklahoma's most famous sons.
It's the birthday of American humorist Will(iam) Penn Adair Rogers, born near Oologah, in the Indian Territory now known as Claremont, Oklahoma (1879). In 1922 he started writing a weekly newspaper column for the New York Times, which soon was syndicated nationally. He sent back daily reports to newspaper readers back home—an audience of nearly 40 million people. He was an enormously popular, warm, character, whose fans called him "the cowboy-philosopher"—an American folk hero. He died with aviator Wiley Post in a plane crash near Point Barrow, Alaska. He said: "I do not belong to an organized political party; I'm a Democrat."
It's the birthday of American poet C(harles) K(enneth) Williams, born in Newark, New Jersey in 1936. He moved to Paris in the 1950s, but five months later headed back to college to hone his craft. Thirty years later, he did settle in Paris with his French wife, but he returns home to the United States to teach writing for a semester every year, first at George Mason University in Virginia, then at Princeton University. He wrote poems in long, prose-like lines—so long that his collection With Ignorance(1977) had to be published in a wide-page format, like an art catalogue. Repair (1999), his eighth book of poems, won him the Pulitzer Prize and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Poetry. He has recently branched out to theater, with a play, The Jew, set in 19th century Germany, and he has published a memoir about his parents' marriage, My Mother, My Father, Myself (2000).
On this day in 1918, English poet Wilfred Owen was killed in action in Flanders, at the age of 25. His parents received the telegram notifying them of his death while the church bells were chiming in celebration of the end of the war. Most famous of his poems included the prophetic and powerful "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum Est." In 1961, composer Benjamin Britten paired Owens' poetry with the ancient Latin funeral text to create his composition War Requiem.
On this day in 1879, the first cash register was patented by James J. Ritty of Dayton, Ohio. Ritty owned a saloon in Dayton, and his bartenders dipped into the till regularly, causing him great stress. So he took a sea voyage to Europe to relax. While on board, he noticed a machine that was used to count revolutions of the steam ship's propellers, and make a record of the information. Using this model, he came up with the idea to record cash transactions with a machine. With patent number 221360, the prototype for the modern cash register was born, and shortly afterward, the National Cash Register Company.
Today is the birthday of American sculptor and artist James Earl Fraser in Winona, Minnesota (1876), creator of some of this country's best-known sculptures, including the reliefs for the buffalo head and Indian's head for the nickel, first issued in 1913. His famous sculpture The End of the Trail, is in the Cowboy Hall of Fame, His statue of Teddy Roosevelt on a horse stands in front of New York City's Museum of Natural History.
It is the birthday of British philosopher G(eorge) E(dward) Moore, born in Cambridge, England (1873), an influential critic of Idealism, the prevailing philosophical movement of his time. A supporter of Realism, he was a professor at Cambridge University and the editor of Mind, an acclaimed British philosophical journal. He studiously argued for the superiority of common sense. He was a friend to Bertrand Russell, and part of a group of intellectuals called the Bloomsbury Group which included economist John Keynes, and writers Virginia Woolf and E. M. Forster.
Broadcast date: SUNDAY , 5 November 2000
The Investment
by Robert Frost from The Poetry of Robert Frost (Henry Holt)Over back where they speak of life as staying
(You couldn’t call it a living, for it ain’t),
There was an old, old house renewed with paint,
And in it a piano loudly playing.Out in the plowed ground in the cold a digger,
Among unearthed potatoes standing still,
Was counting winter dinners, one a hill,
With half an ear to the piano’s vigor.All that piano and new paint back there,
Was it some money suddenly come into?
Or some extravagance young love had been to?
Or old love on an impulse not to care—Not to sink under being man and wife,
But get some color and music out of life?
It is the birthday of American playwright and actor Sam(uel) Shepard (Rogers), born in Fort Sheridan, Illinois (1943), the son of a career Army father who spent his youth moving from one military base to another. He performed in plays and with a rock and roll band, then moved to New York City to work in theater. His work was well-received off-off Broadway, and he won Obie awards for three early one-act plays he wrote in the 1965-66 season. His first full-length play was Operation Side-Winder (1970), set in Hopi Indian country, with a giant mechanical rattlesnake that runs amok in some secret Air Force computer project, all accompanied by music from Shepard's band, The Holy Modal Rounders. When he was 28, he moved to London, where productions of The Tooth of Crime, Geography of a Horse Dreamer, The Curse of the Starving Class, and several psychedelic one-acts enjoyed considerable success at the Royal Court, Open Space and Hampstead theaters. Buried Child (1978), which won him a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, was written on his return to the United States, where he worked for 5 years as a participating playwright at San Francisco's Magic Theater Company. All told, he has written more than 50 stage and screen plays, 4 books and made over a dozen appearances in feature films.
It is the birthday of historian and philosopher Will(iam) (James) Durant, born in North Adams, Massachusetts (1885). After working briefly as a reporter for the New York Evening Journal—a job that was too exciting for his nature—he entered the seminary, since his parents wanted him to become a priest. He left after suffering a loss of faith, saying, "I suddenly discovered Spinoza; he made me feel I should be intellectually honest." When he was only 17 years old, he started teaching at an experimental school, fell in love with and married one of his students, the 14 year old Ariel Kaufman, who became his lifelong writing partner and collaborator. His second book The Story of Philosophy (1926) was widely praised because it was full of quotations and anecdotes and made Western philosophy come alive. It became a bestseller, was translated into twelve languages, and provided him with enough money to devote all of his time to writing. With Ariel, he spent a period of 40 years creating the eleven volume Story of Civilization collection (1935-1975). It established them as the best-known writers of popular philosophy and history. Volume Ten: Rousseau and Revolution (1967), won the Pulitzer Prize in 1968.
It's the birthday of investigative journalist Ida M(inerva) Tarbell, born in Erie County, Pennsylvania (1857), best known for her classic The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904), an examination of ruthless competitive practices and misuse of natural resources. It's the birthday of labor organizer and five-time presidential candidate, Eugene V(ictor) Debs, born in Terre Haute, Indiana (1855). He went to work on the railroad, and by the time he was 20, he had helped to form a local chapter of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, and became editor of their national magazine. The union was involved in the Pullman Strike of 1894, and was broken by a blanket court injunction and federal troops. When Debs refused to comply with the court injunction, he was jailed for six months. He formed the Social Democratic Party in 1898, which later became the Socialist Party. A true pacifist, he made speech condemning World War I, and was arrested, convicted and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta. While serving his time, he made his fifth and final bid for the presidency, receiving nearly a million votes running as Convict #2273. He was released from prison on Christmas Day 1921, with a pardon from President Harding. He said, "It is the government that should ask me for a pardon."
"While there is a lower class, I am in it; while there is a criminal element, I am of it; while there is a soul in prison, I am not free."
Be well, do good work, and keep in touch®.
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